完形填空
Americans suffer from an overdoes of work. Regardless 1 who they are or what they do, Americans spend 2 time at work than at any time since World War II.
In 1950, the US had fewer working hours 3 any industrialized country. Today, it exceeds every country 4 Japan, where industrial employees log 2,155 hours a year compared 5 1,951 in the US and 1,603 in the 6 West Germany.
Between 1969 and 1989,employed Americans 7 an average of 138 hours to their yearly work schedules. The workweek 8 at about 40 hours, but people are working more weeks each year. 9 , paid time off---- holidays, vacations, sick leave---shrank 10 15 percent in the 1990s.
As corporations have 11 . stiffer competition and slower growth in productivity, they have pressed employees to work longer. Cost-cutting lay-offs in the 1990s 12 the professional and managerial runs, 13 fewer people to get the job done.In lower-paid occupations, 14 wages have been reduced, workers have added hours 15 overtime or extra jobs to 16 their living standard. The Government estimates that more than seven million people hold a second job.
For the first time, large 17 of people say they want to cut 18 on working hours, even if it means earning less money. 19 most employers are unwilling to let them do so. The Government ,which has stepped back from its traditional 20 as a regulator of work time, should take steps to make shorter hours possible.
1.A. of B.with C.for D.by
2.A. less B.same C.more D.much
3.A. to B.like C.than D.among
4.A. and B.but C.as D.or
5.A. for B.with C.in D.at
6.A. past B.late C.earlier D.former
7.A.added B.increased C.brought D.totaled
8.A. stood B.stopped C.remained D.set
9.A.However B.Nevertheless C.Therefore D.Moreover
10.A.by B.at C.with D.below
11.A.suffered B.experienced C.undertaken D.endured
12.A.shortened B.reduced C.lessened D.relieved
13.A.leaving B.left C.leave D.to leave
14.A.when B.where C.while D.though
15.A.by B.for C.to D.in
16.A.preserve B.conserve C.improve D.protect
17.A.numbers B.amounts C.figures D.quantitie
18.A.off B.out C.in D.back
19.A.For B.And C.But D.Furthermore
20.A.rule B.function C.task D.role
答案解析
1.A
【考點(diǎn)】 固定搭配題
【解析】 A,此空為詞匯固定搭配,regardless of意為“不管”。
2.C
【考點(diǎn)】語法題
【解析】 C,此題為語法比較級。根據(jù)句意:二戰(zhàn)以來美國人花在工作上的時間比以往任何時候都多。句中有比較級標(biāo)志詞than,故選C。
3.C
【考點(diǎn)】語法題
【解析】 C,句中有比較級fewer,故選than。
4. B
【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨析題
【解析】B,根據(jù)句意:如今,美國的工作時間超過了除日本外的所有國家。But在句中意為“除了”。其他三項(xiàng)都不符合句意。
5.B
【考點(diǎn)】固定搭配題
【解析】B,compare with為固定搭配,意為......相比”。
6. D
【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨析
【解析】D,former上一個的,前者的。past 過去的;late 晚 ;earlier更早的。Former West Germany前西德。
7. A
【考點(diǎn)】固定搭配題
【解析】A,add to為固定搭配,意為“把......加到......上”。
8.C
【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨析題
【解析】C,根據(jù)句意: 每周的工作時間仍然是40多個小時,但是人們每年工作周數(shù)更多了。Remain仍然是;stand 站立; stop 停止;set 設(shè)置。
9. D
【考點(diǎn)】邏輯關(guān)系題
【解析】D,根據(jù)本段句意: 在1969-1989年之間,美國工人每年的平均工作時間增加了138個小時。每周工作時間仍然是40多個小時,但人們會增加每年的工作周數(shù)。此外,帶薪休假,病假也縮減了15%。由此可選Moreover,此外,而且。
10.A
【考點(diǎn)】固定搭配題
【解析】A, shrink by為固定搭配,“縮減”。
11. B
【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨析題
【解析】B, suffer 遭受;experience 經(jīng)歷; undertake 承擔(dān),從事;endure 忍耐,忍受。根據(jù)句意:由于企業(yè)經(jīng)歷了更加激烈的競爭和生產(chǎn)力上較慢的增長,他們迫使工人延長工作時間。
12. B
【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨析題
【解析】B, shorten 縮短;reduce 減少;lessen 使減少,使變少;relieve 解除,減輕。根據(jù)句意:削減成本的裁員減少了工作和管理層的員工人數(shù)。
13. A
【考點(diǎn)】語法題
【解析】A,此題考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)上文得知,句中已有謂語動詞,空處需填非謂語動詞。因?yàn)閘eave在句中表主動關(guān)系,所以選leaving。
14. B
【考點(diǎn)】語法題
【解析】B,此題 考查非限制性定語從句。先行詞為occupation職業(yè),表地點(diǎn),故選關(guān)系詞where。
15. D
【考點(diǎn)】詞匯題
【解析】D,此題考查介詞搭配,在工作中,job 常與in搭配。
16. A
【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨析
【解析】 A, preserve維持,保持;conserve 保存,保藏;improve 提高,改善。protect 保護(hù)。根據(jù)句意,選A。
17.A
【考點(diǎn)】固定搭配題
【解析】 A, large number of大量的;后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞。
18.D
【考點(diǎn)】固定搭配題
【解析】D, cut back 削減,減少;cut off 切除,切斷;cut out 停止, 裁剪;cut in插嘴,干預(yù)。
19. C
【考點(diǎn)】邏輯關(guān)系題
【解析】C,根據(jù)句意: 員工想要減少工作時間,但是老板不想讓他們這樣做。表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故選but。
20.D
【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨析題
【解析】D,根據(jù)句意:政府已經(jīng)退出作為工作時間管理者的角色,rule統(tǒng)治,規(guī)則;function功能;task 任務(wù);role 角色。